The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported a phreatic eruption at Taal Volcano that occurred within the last 24 hours, signaling continued volcanic activity and potential hazards in the region.
Brief but Significant Eruption
According to PHIVOLCS, the phreatic eruption, a steam-driven explosion triggered by heated underground water, lasted approximately two minutes. This type of eruption can occur without magma reaching the surface but still poses significant risks due to the expulsion of steam and volcanic gases.
Observations and Measurements
During the eruption, weak plumes were observed rising up to 600 meters and drifting north-northwest from the volcano. Additionally, seismic activity has been notable, with five volcanic earthquakes recorded from midnight Sunday to midnight Monday, including two tremors lasting up to three minutes each. This activity suggests ongoing unrest beneath the volcano.
Continued Volcanic Unrest
Taal Volcano has exhibited several phreatic eruptions in recent weeks, alongside long-term deflation of the Taal Caldera and short-term inflation of the northern and southeastern flanks of Taal Volcano Island. On April 25, PHIVOLCS detected significant sulfur dioxide emissions, amounting to 3,383 tonnes, indicative of the upwelling of hot volcanic fluids within the Main Crater Lake.
Alert Level and Safety Precautions
PHIVOLCS maintains an Alert Level 1 over Taal Volcano, emphasizing that the volcano is in an abnormal condition and could pose threats of further eruptive activity. The public is advised against misinterpreting this alert level as a sign of cessation in volcanic unrest.
Potential hazards associated with this alert level include sudden steam-driven explosions, volcanic earthquakes, minor ashfall, and lethal expulsions of volcanic gas. These hazards particularly threaten areas within the volcano island itself.
Health and Safety Warnings
PHIVOLCS has warned of the long-term health impacts from frequent exposure to high concentrations of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2). Entry into the Taal Volcano Island, designated as a permanent danger zone (PDZ), is strictly prohibited, especially near the Main Crater and the Daang Kastila fissure.
Local government units are urged to monitor the situation closely, assess community preparedness, and implement appropriate response measures to mitigate potential hazards. Civil aviation authorities have also been advised to caution pilots about flying near the volcano due to the risks posed by airborne ash and ballistic fragments from sudden explosions.
Conclusion
The recent phreatic eruption at Taal Volcano serves as a reminder of the persistent volcanic threat in the region. Residents and visitors near Taal should remain vigilant and adhere to guidelines issued by PHIVOLCS and local authorities to ensure safety in the face of ongoing volcanic activity.